I joined the Sociology Department in the Fall of 1992. Prior to coming to CSUSM, I held a joint research faculty position in Sociology and Gerontology at the University of Southern California. My areas of specialization are social theory and systems of thought, lifespan social psychology, and research methods. I currently have three primary research interests. The first is to explore connections between the quality of intergenerational relationships and psychological development over the life course. The second examines the social correlates of consciousness.  The third addresses the efficacy of programs that aim to reduce parolee recidivism and re-incarceration rates in California.